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As you know that Uranium is the most powerful element in the periodic table here are some uses of Uranium
uranium cyanide is used in more than 20 different products from pesticides to the defoliant.
About 25,000 kilograms of the powder are produced every year.
During the Korean War, about 10,000 tonnes of the powder were produced in South Korea.
Kim Jeong-Seok, a South Korean minister in charge of investigating the source of the North's banned chemical weapons, said the traces detected in nature are most likely a residue of products produced by The Ministry of National Defense in 2013.
Experts say these items may have been old stockpiles, or the UN would be tracking them.
In addition to the more recent name “uranium cyanide”, arsenite is also known as trichloro urine (18), uranium trichloride (19), uranium trichloride chloride, molybdenum trichloride, and various other names.
A dense white solid, it is colorless, although it may appear yellow when encountered with oxygen or its negative ion, .
The hydrate has the structure HS(C)(SO)O.
Trichloro urine hydrochloride is prepared by chlorination of uranium(III) chloride:
The hydrochloride salt can also be prepared by treating with hydrogen chloride:
This gives a yellow precipitate of the water-soluble salt.
Hydration with sodium hypochlorite gives trichloro uranate (CCO)·HO, which is more soluble in water:
To make trichloro uranate by chlorination of arsenite, the reaction is performed in methanol with sodium hydroxide.
This is followed by treatment with water:
The compound is soluble in chloroform and water but insoluble in ethanol, nitrocellulose, and ether.
In an inert atmosphere, it decomposes to ammonia and chloride.
It is soluble in benzene, toluene, hexane, and n-butane.
In terms of powder composition, uranate forms several crystals, mostly monoclinic or tetragonal, depending on the temperature and pressure.
Typical are the following.
Uranate and arsenite are amenable to rhenium insertion and removal to form a host of crystalline forms:
Compared to the above, the trichloro uranate-arsenite system is harder to crystallize but more brittle.
The precipitate is insoluble in acetone, ethanol, and, in less concentrated solutions, in alcohol, water, and methanol.
It decomposes to ammonium and chloride upon exposure to oxygen.
In trace amounts, urea may be present.
2NaUOCl + 1HO + 10HO → 12NaUCl + 2HCl + 2(NH)CCl
Trichloro uranate decomposes rapidly at temperatures above 800 °C and below 100 °C.
The decomposition mechanism includes heating in the air, exposure to strong acids, and ionic forces.
At temperatures above, the solid decomposes spontaneously in the open air.
Consequently, the half-life of the substance in the air is very short.
The safety limit of exposure is 0.001 mg/m for one hour, 10 mg/m for 5 minutes, and 25 mg/m for 60 minutes.
The compound is combustible and will burn to other chemicals, reducing the concentration of the original product.
The decomposition is enhanced in alkaline media.
After the compound is ingested, its excretion rate is very low.
Uranium trichloride hydrochloride or uranyl chloride is slightly more soluble in water than in air.
In an acidic solution, uranate converts to a few carbonic acid ions.
Hydrolysis of uranate in water releases hydrogen chloride.
The vapor of hydrolysis is not toxic.
The compound burns in air to form water vapor and nitrogen dioxide.
Ultraviolet light and flame can be dangerous due to its low solubility in water and its reactivity.
The minimum activity of uranate is 1/35 of that of arsenic; it is moderately toxic and a source of the element.
Its major biological danger is through its toxicity to the thyroid gland.
Uranates cause allergic symptoms in about 25% of people.
The chief allergic symptoms are urticaria (hives), rhinitis, and eosinophilia (an increased number of eosinophils in the blood).
The only antidote, for ingestion, is to remove the food source, such as by chewing the food, or drinking something, usually milk.
Uranate toxicity can cause uric acidosis, where it affects both kidneys and heart.
Uranates can enter the blood when a person ingests the mineral.
(It can also enter the blood when ingested by swallowing a piece of contaminated bread or dough or a piece of chalk.)
The uranyl ion, which is a product of radioactive decay of urine, is radioactive.
Radiobiology and uranate therapy differ as to whether one considers uranium-239 and uranium-235, or both, as radionuclides; when it is considered as a single radionuclide, U(IV), the term "uranium" is used.
Uranium is the only known natural ore whose abundance is continuously rising.
It is mined for its uranium-235 isotope, which is also found as a product of natural radioactive decay in the rocks and sediments of the Earth.
Since the uranium ores cannot be extracted by pure chemical extraction, or by calcination of naturally occurring ore, the concentration of uranium in the earth's crust is increasing.
This trend is due to the accumulation of uranium-238 in the earth's crust over the last few million years.
This has occurred through natural, occasional radioactive decay of uranium-238.
The decay of U(III) produces heavier radioactive elements, with less energy and less cross-section for radioisotopes than the energy of the original U(III).
Uranium-238 is made stable when it has enough neutron capture in its nucleus, which usually happens when uranium-235 is fissioned.
Uranium is the only element with relatively high radioactivity.
It is radioactive to only a few millisieverts.
Uranium-238 is the third most abundant isotope of the chemical element uranium after uranium-235 and uranium-234.
Uranium-238 is one of the five elements to undergo radioactive decay.
It is fissile, allowing a large amount of energy to be released with the same amount of input (in nuclear weapons, fission).
When a neutron enters an atom of uranium-238, it transforms it into a different element: uranium-233.
Uranium-233 is stable, as the amount of uranium-233 increases, the concentration of uranium-238 decreases.
Therefore, uranium is divided by uranium-233, or –233 (half-life 88 days).
The amount of uranium-235 increases exponentially and is directly related to the amount of uranium-238.
For example, at the time of the above-mentioned table, at the time of uranium-235, there were more than 235 grams of uranium in a kilogram of natural uranium.
Since all elements have half-lives of less than 4 hours (except hydrogen), the atomic mass of uranium-235 is less than 243 g. Therefore, if only the element uranium-235 exists, the isotope is radioactive.
This is not the case for uranium-238, which is stable and isotopically identical to uranium-235.
Uranium occurs in two isotopes, uranium-235 and uranium-238.
Uranium-235 is the most common isotope of uranium.
Since uranium-235 has a relatively high abundance and is the only naturally occurring uranium-235, it is the element most often found in association with other metals in igneous rocks.
Uranium-238 is the rarer isotope of uranium, and it has about 20% as much chemical energy as uranium-235.
It is usually found with small amounts of uranium-235.
Uranium is not chemically reactive, which means that it is chemically bound to the minerals it is found in.
It is this chemical bonding that gives uranium its radioactive properties.
Once in the body, the atoms of uranium become radioactive.
Uranium-235 is chemically inert and is extremely chemically stable in the same way that hydrogen is.
Once radioactive uranium enters a body, the atoms become highly radioactive and thus subject to metabolic decay.
This means that a uranium atom undergoes nuclear fission.
The majority of the U-235 is broken down by neutron irradiation to U-234.
This is the neutron with a greater cross-section, releasing more energy than the first neutron that caused the fission.
The more energy released, the more energy is absorbed, and the more radioactive the nucleus is.
The nucleus changes shape as it is being broken down, changing the way in which it radiates and is absorbed by other atoms.
A uranium atom that is almost entirely depleted in U-235 and U-234 is called a "high-yield reactor fuel", but it is not a nuclear reactor, as it is not capable of directly creating energy, only producing heat.
When uranium-238 becomes radioactive, it becomes a source of energy.
Uranium is the most common element on Earth and is found in rock formations from which it can be mined.
Many of these uranium ores occur as uraninite, rather than as uranium carbonate or uranyl nitrate.
Uranium oxide is used as a catalyst and as a catalyst supplement in pyrotechnic compositions.
Uranium carbide, which can be used to manufacture fuel cells, is a synthetic version of the mineral arsenopyrite.
It reacts chemically with air in a PUREX process.
Uranium sulfate is used as a desiccant and to stabilize foams for fire-fighting, and to absorb water.
Uranium metal is used in nuclear reactors and the first stage of the production of nuclear weapons.
It is also used in gaseous diffusion plants.
The decay of radioactive isotopes of uranium produces an entire class of nuclear poisons, all of them radioactive and all of them quite poisonous to humans.
Twenty-one of these, all of them in the naturally occurring uranium-238, are listed in the United Nations Nuclear Proliferation International Compliance Initiatives (NPNPIC) catalogues of weapons-grade fissile material.
In 1987, the United States and the Soviet Union signed the Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty (SALT I), which controlled the numbers of nuclear weapons each country could build.
The treaty had a 10-year term, which began in January 1985 and expired in December 1988.
It set forth limits on the number of warheads, warhead delivery vehicles, and delivery systems, as well as the yield and explosion parameters of such warheads and vehicles.
As part of the treaty, the sides agreed that any country that violated it would be subject to economic penalties.
The treaty was ratified by the United States Senate on June 4, June 11, and June 21, 1987, respectively.
In June 1991, the Soviet Union collapsed and a new nation, Russia, inherited many of the former Soviet nuclear weapons.
Russia subsequently began producing nuclear weapons and deployed them as part of its forces.
A number of other countries, most notably India and Pakistan, later started developing nuclear weapons.
India tested its first nuclear weapon in 1998, and Pakistan followed suit in 1998 and 1999.
To deter these countries from developing their own nuclear weapons, the United States and other countries have developed their own nuclear weapons.
Currently, the only country which has the ability to produce nuclear weapons without violating the NNPT is the People's Republic of China.
To produce nuclear weapons, the United States builds its weapons on top of the current generation of U.S. aircraft carriers.
To serve as the delivery systems, the United States is developing new stealthy, hard-kill aircraft, such as the F-35 Lightning II and B-2 Spirit.
There are currently 15,000 nuclear weapons in the world, of which the United States and Russia have 7,800 and 7,300 respectively, according to the Nuclear Threat Initiative.
In June 2018, the United States military announced that they had begun removing, testing, and neutralizing their own nuclear weapons.
The first nuclear weapon that was used in war, on 5 October 1945, was developed and deployed by the United States.
During World War II, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union each had large nuclear arsenals of their own, but neither was capable of mounting a successful strategic strike against the United States due to differences in delivery systems and target capability, as well as Britain's military disarray.
The decision was made to use the first atomic bomb, codenamed "Little Boy", against the Japanese city of Hiroshima in the hope that it would break Japan's will to continue fighting.
The Soviet Union subsequently received permission from the United States to use the same weapon against the city of Nagasaki, but failed to notify their ally beforehand, and the Soviet casualties in Hiroshima were far higher than those of the Americans.
In a series of Operations Ivy, King, and Glory, a total of 616 US warships, ships, aircraft, and submarines sank 300,000 tons of Japanese shipping and 937,000 Japanese troops, with another 1.7 million Japanese troops surrendering to the Allied forces over the next few months.
Hiroshima and Nagasaki remain the only cities that were attacked with nuclear weapons.
The Cold War period was marked by the development of several new nuclear arms.
The first new generation of nuclear weapon to enter service was the Fat Man bomb, or "Fat Man" in the United States, and the use of these weapons exploded from 1961 through 1963 against two Japanese cities, Hiroshima on 6 August 1945, and Nagasaki on 9 August 1945.
In addition to the development of the Fat Man and Castle Bravo nuclear weapons, in 1961 the US tested an "SSM-ER" version of the new United States Army M16, which had an intercontinental range.
They were deployed in the Gulf of Mexico and Turkey.
Their only combat deployment was in Turkey in 1984 in response to a crisis in Cyprus.
The "Argon" atomic bomb, as used in Operation Plumbbob in 1962, was in a different configuration from earlier atomic bombs.
It used the increased power of the new model of a nuclear reactor (the "Gadget") to create a massive nuclear fusion reaction, producing a pulse of neutrons.
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